According to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the Doomsday Clock is now at 89 seconds to midnight, the closest ever, due to escalating global threats. Key factors include nuclear tensions from Russia’s war in Ukraine and expanding arsenals, climate change with record-breaking temperatures, biological risks like pandemics and bioweapons, AI-driven threats including autonomous weapons and disinformation, and geopolitical instability from U.S.-China tensions and Middle East conflicts. These risks highlight the urgent need for international cooperation, diplomacy, and climate action to prevent global catastrophe.

The first time I heard about this Clock was five years ago, when it was already at 100 seconds to midnight. In just five years, the situation has become even more dire, with the clock moving closer to catastrophe. This alarming trend underscores the need for even more urgent intervention to address these growing threats.

Meteorological organizations and climate research institutions maintain historical weather data and climate records, including temperature measurements from various locations. The Climate Change Institute at the university of Maine is one of those institutions. And according to the data collected since 1976, yesterday, while the US was celebrating its US Independence Day, that day turned out to be the hottest on record in that dataset.

A couple of days ago I was chatting to one of my colleagues about how this World Cup has been really weird. Leaving aside all the justified controversies about the way Qatar treats migrant workers, the fact that this World Cup is being played at Christmas time has been really strange. Since I live in Europe, I have always associated this event with summer and people enjoying themselves outside, watching the games and having a good time. That has not been the case in 2022.

Now I wonder if any of the countries that have won the cup before will manage to do it again? Italy didn’t even qualify, Spain is out this week, Germany and Uruguay didn’t make it past the first round. So, could it be Brazil or Argentina again, or European teams like France or the UK? We will see soon, but again this winter cup has lost a bit of its charm.

It has been 9 days since the beginning of the Russian invasion of the Ukrainian nation, which unfortunately has been catastrophic for this country. More than 1 million refugees have fled to neighboring countries, mainly Poland and several Ukrainian cities have been heavily bombed.

All western countries have condemned this unprovoked invasion in unison and have uniformly applied sanctions against the Russian regime. Hopefully, they will make it economically impossible to sustain this senseless war.

A couple of weeks ago, NASA issued a press release explaining that "Earth’s global average surface temperature in 2021 tied with 2018 as the sixth warmest on record, according to independent analyses done by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"

The NASA Administrator Bill Nelson was sounding the alarm in the same press release: "Eight of the top 10 warmest years on our planet occurred in the last decade ...". The news was barely covered by the mainstream media, echoing some of the points exposed in the recently brilliant movie "Don't look up" by Adam McKay.

Global warming is real and the issue should be taken seriously by each government and each citizen of this planet.

Almost two years ago I created a dashboard to track the Covid-19 cases based on data provided by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. When I deployed that little application, I thought it would only be useful for a couple of months.

Almost two years later, it is still useful for tracking cases in different countries and following trends at the national or global level. In the different podcasts I follow, they have mentioned in the last couple of weeks that the omicron variant is different, in the sense that it is far more contagious, but does not affect the lungs in the same way as the previous variants did.

Last night, I was checking my dashboard, and indeed the number of cases has skyrocketed, more than with any other variant. Fortunately, the number of deaths associated with the virus has remained stable as you can see above. It is still true that this huge number of cases will necessarily add additional stress on health care systems around the world.

Although we are all sick to death of this pandemic, we must continue to get vaccinated and take protective measures to avoid the virus as much as possible.

In a couple of days, the year 2021 will be over. It seems incredible to me how fast time passed and how the seasons and months went by so fast that this period is indeed going to end. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to present serious problems, particularly with the new Omicron variant, and perhaps that is one of the reasons why this year and last year have passed.

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The US Department of State published a list of the countries invited to the virtual "Summit for democracy" that will take place next month.

Although certainly the USA does not have at this moment a great moral authority to lead such conferences (cough January 6, cough new voting restrictions laws across the country), in any case it is a very good initiative to highlight how democracy is a right that should be protected and should not be taken for granted.

After a long wait, I was finally able to get an appointment today for the first dose of the covid-19 vaccine. I still need to wait another month, but having a spot in the queue is such a relief! I was curious about which countries have the highest vaccination rate (using data from Our World in Data) and I realized that Gibraltar has almost all the adult population inoculated.

I know the situation is bad in India nowadays, so I really hope that at some point most of the countries will be able to have the same numbers as Gibraltar, or the USA for that matter. The new administration definitely did wonders there!

Last Easter holidays I set up this COVID-19 dashboard in one of my personal domains to follow the cases around the world, particularly in Europe. I used the data provided by the Johns Hopkins University, in particular their daily cases, deaths, and recoveries time series. Using those data points and doing some data wrangling it’s possible to get a lot of insights about what’s currently happening in the world.

The last time I blogged about this topic was exactly one month ago and there have been a lot of developments since then:

• In April I mentioned the US has become the new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic and that’s still the case, but on a different scale. With over 1.3 million active cases, the United States accounts for 32.5% of all cases worldwide today. The situation in New York City is much better than it was then, but there are now multiple cases in rural areas, particularly in towns with meat processing plants
• The situation in the United Kingdom is dire as well. As of yesterday they have reported 31.3k deaths and 216.5k active cases, and they have less than 1k patients recovered from the disease. Famously, Boris Johnson got infected himself, requiring hospitalization and even ICU admission for a couple of days.
• In contrast, Germany has been recognized as one of the countries that has dealt with the pandemic in a responsible way using a science-based approach. They are still in the list of the Top 10 countries most affected by the disease but the death rate has been really low during the evolution of the pandemic.
• The Kiwi strategy has been one of the most successful ones in the world. A headline in the prestigious Lancet magazine summarises it all: New Zealand eliminates COVID-19. The administration of Jacinda Ardern couldn't be more proud of their decisions!

Talking about exponential growth ... back on the 31st of January, when I heard the novel coronavirus mentioned in the news I blogged about how there were "9776 cases confirmed affecting 20 countries already, with the vast majority in China", regarding this '2019-nCoV' virus as it was known back then.

2.5 months later, this number has jumped to more than 1.5 million cases, becoming a pandemic, affecting most of the nations in the world. Italy and Spain were hard hit, as well as the US, a country that has become by far the new epicenter of this disease.

The strict social distancing rules have slowed down the transmission in the communities adopting these measures (with the unfortunate side effect of paralyzing the economies). Let's cross our fingers that all those efforts will contain this nasty virus.

The COVID-19 cases continue to climb in the world, and the United States of America clearly have become the new epicenter with 85,991 confirmed cases, 18,050 more compared with the previous day. They really need to set up a working national policy!

According to the latest data aggregated by the Johns Hopkins University world cases dashboard, there are 307277 COVID-19 confirmed cases in the world. Europe is still an epicenter of the disease with more than 50k cases in Italy, but also more than 10k cases in France, Germany and Spain.

There are more deaths reported in Italy (4825) than were reported in China (3265). The US has the highest number of active cases (26747) after Italy.

In many places of the world there are measures in place to encourage or force people to stay home. Please stay safe!

One month ago I was blogging about how the 2019-nCoV coronavirus had been in the news lately because of the human-to-human transmission and its rapid spread both in China and outside its borders.

At the end of January there were 9776 confirmed cases in China, but one month later this number was around 80k, and Iran, South Korea, and Italy had become additional geographical points with more than 1k cases.

The COVID-19 virus, as it's called now, is a public issue all around the world, and preventive measures will have to be in place to slow down the spread of this disease.

The following animation from Wikipedia shows how the virus has been spreading fast in a couple of months.

Again for reference this is the Johns Hopkins University world cases dashboard, using the most recent data available.

The 2019-nCoV coronavirus has been in the news lately because of the human-to-human transmission and its rapid spread both in China and outside its borders. This virus apparently originated in animals, and it was first identified in seafood and animal markets in Wuhan, China.

As of yesterday, there are 9776 confirmed cases affecting 20 countries already, with the vast majority in China. Johns Hopkins University is maintaining this world cases dashboard, using the most recent data available.

A couple of days ago I stumbled into the headline ‘Doomsday Clock is now 100 seconds from midnight’, published by space.com. I wasn’t aware, but this clock is a metaphor for how close we are in the world to a man-made global catastrophe. This device was set up in 1947 by the members of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, when nuclear weapons were considered the main threat. Today, the global warming issue is also considered in the equation on how to calculate this time.

Unfortunately, but not surprisingly, this time around in 2020, it’s the closest it has been to midnight. 2019 was the second hottest year in history, the growing instability in the Middle East, and even the possible AI use in warfare don’t help to move this time backwards. The picture is not a pretty one, but there is at least one more voice reminding world leaders what is at stake here.

Last summer felt really hot! There were quite a few days when most of the headlines in the news were about how the thermometer was about to break historic records in many cities. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Earth temperature change measured by NASA during the months of June and July was the highest ever recorded.

The "breaking record" headlines are following the same pattern year after year. I don't remember any time in my lifetime when global warming was such a clear and present danger!

The US has more than 3.7 million confirmed cases of Covid-19, making it the country with the highest number of cases in the world. Lately, the news has focused on how states that rushed to reopen as quickly as possible, such as Texas and Florida, have seen a steady and exponential increase in the total number of cases.

Next to California, which has also seen a sharp increase in the number of cases, mainly in Los Angeles County, those states are getting closer to matching the numbers of New York. It feels like a cautionary tale that "going back to normal" won't be the pre-COVID-19 normal until there is an effective vaccine or treatment in place.

Fortunately, the an mRNA vaccine trial preliminary report in the NEJM stated the vaccine induced anti–SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified. Crossing the fingers for the next phases of those promising results.

According to their website, the good country index attempts to measure what each country on earth contributes to the common good of humanity, and what it takes away, relative to its size. The index takes into account several data points in different areas such as: Science & Technology, Culture, International Peace & Security, World Order, Planet & Climate, Prosperity & Equality, Health & Wellbeing. The concept is quite interesting because we truly live on a single planet, so the policies taken by any single country have effects on the rest of the world. The results for 2017 are:

1 Netherlands 2 Switzerland 3 Denmark 4 Finland 5 Germany 6 Sweden 7 Ireland 8 United Kingdom 9 Austria 10 Norway

11 France 12 Hungary 13 Belgium 14 Canada 15 Singapore 16 Italy 17 New Zealand 18 Spain 19 Luxembourg 20 Cyprus

Due to the expansion of Christianity and the colonial history of America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania, Christmas is a public holiday in the majority of countries around the world. So, if you are celebrating Christmas today, I wish you a merry one!

Wikipedia has an interesting article called Where to be Born Index where they discuss an article published by the economist about the classification of countries based on the criteria determining which country provides the best opportunities for a healthy, safe and prosperous life in the years ahead.

Not surprising, Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries are on top of the list, joined by Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Singapore.

Last week an anesthesiologist friend of mine was on TV discussing how in the US opioid abuse has created a huge crisis. I was searching the web for statistics about this subject and I found a 2017 report published by the United Nations Office on drugs and crime that shows that the US indeed has the highest mortality rate related to drugs by far. Those deaths are related mainly to opioids, so the public discussion about this subject is definitely worth it.

The content delivery company Akami publishes a State of the Internet report where it's possible to get internet connection speeds and broadband adoption by country. In this dataset it is not surprising that South Korea is on top of the chart:

Followed by Norway and Sweden. Most of the South American and African countries are still behind.

Yesterday was World No Tobacco Day, an event established by the member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1987. This day serves as a good reminder of global tobacco consumption. The dataset available in Wikipedia shows that China is the biggest consumer in the world. Unfortunately, this consumption is on the rise in developing nations.

The World Health Organization has some datasets related to the immunization coverage around the world. The map above is generated with the estimates related to Polio. As you can see in the cases of Ukraine, Syria, and South Sudan, the conflicts don't only destroy people's lives but also decrease the immunization coverage massively.

The World Happiness Report, published by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network of the United Nations, attempts to measure the happiness around the world. The 2017 issue published this month puts Norway on the top of the list, followed by Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, and Finland. On the other hand, at the bottom of the list, the least happy places are the Central African Republic, Burundi, Tanzania, Syria, and Rwanda. You can find the whole report here worldhappiness.report.

Wikipedia provides an article containing a list of the top 100 sites in the world in terms of traffic, using Alexa and SimilarWeb as sources. The chart above shows the count of site types based on that list, and Search Engines is the top category by far. Now, it's interesting to see how this finding is due to the massive popularity of Google around the world: Its localized version in all these countries makes it to the top 100 list:

I knew Colombia was one of the top flower exporters in the world, but a couple of days ago with all the flowers going around for St. Valentin's day I wondered who was the top exporter overall. Not surprisingly, it's the Netherlands with a whooping ~40% market share of the world exports.

Data from the World Bank shows that the percentage of arable land per person has been steadily decreasing since the 1960s.

The Global Peace Index (GPI) is an attempt to measure the relative peacefulness of the countries around the world. The latest publication considers Syria, South Sudan, Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan as the least peaceful places in the world. On the other hand, Iceland, Denmark, Austria, New Zealand, and Portugal are considered the most peaceful.

A year ago I published the 2015 update on the Corruption Perceptions Index, and the data for 2016 is already available at the Transparency International (transparency.org) website. As a recap, this organization fights for a a world in which government, business, civil society, and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. This year, the least corrupt countries on the list are New Zealand and Finland, and the most corrupt are Somalia and South Sudan.

In Europe, the trend is similar to last year: the most northern and western countries are least corrupt, and vice versa.

In South America, Venezuela is again this year at the bottom of the list.

It's very unfortunate but not surprising that 2016 was the hottest year ever recorded. NASA revealed the consolidated reports and the data doesn't lie. Global warming is quite real. See the average by season chart.

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The European Union EDGAR database contains useful information about the CO2 emissions per country and worldwide. The previous graph shows the countries with the highest CO2 emissions (USA and China) and the total emissions worldwide. It's within the spike the world experienced since 2000.

One of the many controversies of the incoming US presidential administration is the incoming cabinet composed of very wealthy individuals. It's interesting to note that the US is not a very equal country compared to all the other western democracies. Even its northern neighbor is much more equal when comparing the Gini index.

It should be noted that this inequality is even worse in the south. The comparison between South America and Europe is striking:

Not surprising. The Earth temperature measured by NASA in September was the warmest month ever. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt. This follows the same pattern as every month this year. The Paris climate agreement clearly recognized the wide impact of global warming, but with the recent results of the U.S. elections, this issue needs to be raised constantly.

I haven't checked the Mobile OS market share in a while. According to net market share, Android has 68.5% and IOS has 25.8% in the last month. I'm curious how this will be affected by the whole Note 7 issue. Still, it's impressive the growth compared with just 2 years ago.

15 years ago today I was working from home when I got a call from my ex. "Are you watching TV? Because it seems there was an explosion in NYC in the WTC". I turned on the small TV set I had in my room and I saw on CNN the footage showing one of the twin towers in flames. Many of the fatalities in that attack were foreigners as you can see in the map above.

This morning I was reading in the news that North Korea conducted a fifth nuclear test. It's pretty scary to think this nation could launch a nuclear attack. There is an organization called ican that leads an international campaign to abolish nuclear weapons. They track the arsenals maintained by the different nuclear powers.

I haven't checked the global search engines market share in a while because clearly Google dominates in almost every country, but yesterday I heard an interesting podcast on BBC about the power of Google, and I was curious about the position of the 2nd and 3rd players. The chart above is generated with data from startcounter.

Alexa and Similar web rank Wikipedia as the 7th and 9th most visited site on the web, so the visit statistics produced by the foundation are a good proxy for getting data on the most popular platforms on the web. The previous chart shows the visits by OS family. As you can observe, Windows 7 is the most popular desktop OS, but the mobile OS (Android and iOS) are responsible for almost 40% of the visits to those sites.

According to an article published in the Guardian, the Earth is warming at a pace unprecedented in 1,000 years. I have already discussed this point three times in this blog, but I think it's worth bringing it up, because some people are still not convinced this is a real phenomenon.

I was reading this morning about the countries having the highest risk of a natural disaster. Wikipedia has a list with the World Risk Index, calculated by the United Nations University for Environment and Human Security. The map above is generated with this data.

After a couple of days of competition in the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics, the medals table started looking similar to London 2012. This is the current table

And this is how the table looked at the end of the London competition.

Clearly, the US and China are dominating this sports event.

The map above shows the countries that currently have or ever had a female head of state. It's true, the historic nomination of Hillary Clinton is a milestone achieved in U.S. politics, but not in many countries of the world.

According to their website "THE Big Mac index was invented by The Economist in 1986 as a lighthearted guide to whether currencies are at their 'correct' level". It's interesting because even if it was designed to compare the purchasing-power parity, it shows the imbalance between different currencies. This map shows the last calculated index in July 2016.

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1	China	1376790000
2	India	1289590000
3	United States	323661000
4	Indonesia	257900000
5	Brazil	206140000
6	Pakistan	193273000
7	Nigeria	187200000
8	Bangladesh	160479000
9	Russia	141800000
10	Japan	126700000

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10 most populous countries in the world. Almost 60% of the world population lives there.

May 1st was chosen to be the International Workers' Day in order to commemorate the events that happened on May 4, 1886 at Haymarket in Chicago. The police tried to disperse a public meeting during a general strike demanding an eight-hour workday, when an unidentified person threw a bomb at police. The police responded by firing on the workers, killing four protesters.

This day is celebrated in many countries either today or tomorrow.

The Reporters Without Borders organization published their last update on the Press Freedom Index around the world. Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, and New Zealand are the best countries to exercise journalism. On the other hand, China, Syria, Turkmenistan, North Korea, and Eritrea are the worst on that matter.

It's surprising, but the country with the highest number of timezones is France with 12. This nation has territories in South America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific islands. The US, the UK, and Russia also have a high number of unique timezones.

The full list of timezones per country can be found in Wikipedia.

A recent article published by The Lancet magazine shows that obesity is becoming a real-world health problem more than the underweight issue. They used population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants in 186 of 200 countries and found that the number of obese people has increased from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million in 2014.

The World Health Organization also publishes data about Obesity and Overweight, and the percentage of the population with overweight (BMI > 25) is more than half of the population in almost all the industrialized countries in the world:

This problem is particularly bad in the Pacific Islands.

The news cycle during the last couple of days has been dominated by the Panama Papers. These are a leaked set of 11.5 million confidential documents that provide detailed information about 214000 offshore companies listed by a Panamanian law firm. Many of those shell companies were set up abroad by world leaders, politicians, and associates around the world.

The map above shows the countries that have been mentioned in the Panama Papers.

This morning I was reading news about the discussion in the US primaries related to the minimum wage in the US, particularly in NY and CA. Wikipedia contains an article tracking the minimum wage worldwide. The map above summarizes the data.

Last night, when I was reading about the EgyptAir hijacking, I was thinking that fortunately this type of incident is now very rare. I remember that when I was a kid, this was one of the clichés in the American movies of the 80's (i.e., Delta Force), but with the tough security measures in place in most of the airports, this doesn't happen as often.

Wikipedia has a detailed compilation on the aircraft hijacking incidents, and there is definitely a decrease compared to the peak in the 70s.

Wikipedia has a list of the terrorist incidents that happened during the current year. Based on this information, the countries most affected by the number of terror incidents are:

Denmark is the world’s happiest country and Burundi the least-happy nation, according to the World Happiness Report.

Back in February I wrote on this blog how the world was really warming up, and the data from February 2016 is even worse. NASA reported that this month had the biggest temperature rise recorded in modern history:

Again, the world is warming up!

A couple of days ago, the International Women's Day was celebrated. Even if some friends get offended by this day, I believe it's important to highlight how, unfortunately, there are differences between men and women as reported by the WEF Gender Gap Report:

It's nice to see how this index is really good in Europe, particularly in the Scandinavian countries. Kudos to Iceland.

Country	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Iceland	0.7813	0.7836	0.7999	0.8276	0.8496	0.8530	0.8640	0.8731	0.8594
Finland	0.7958	0.8044	0.8195	0.8252	0.8260	0.8383	0.8451	0.8421	0.8453
Norway	0.7994	0.8059	0.8239	0.8227	0.8404	0.8404	0.8403	0.8417	0.8374
Sweden	0.8133	0.8146	0.8139	0.8139	0.8024	0.8044	0.8159	0.8129	0.8165
Denmark	0.7462	0.7519	0.7538	0.7628	0.7719	0.7778	0.7777	0.7779	0.8025
Nicaragua	0.6566	0.6458	0.6747	0.7002	0.7176	0.7245	0.7697	0.7715	0.7894
Ireland	0.7335	0.7457	0.7518	0.7597	0.7773	0.7830	0.7839	0.7823	0.7850
Philippines	0.7516	0.7629	0.7568	0.7579	0.7654	0.7685	0.7757	0.7832	0.7814
Belgium	0.7078	0.7198	0.7163	0.7165	0.7509	0.7531	0.7652	0.7684	0.7809

I haven't checked the operating systems market share for Desktop and Mobile, and based on data from StatCounter, the usual suspects: Windows and Android dominate in each sector, respectively.

When I was at school, I learned the blood type 0+ was the most common one and AB- the rarest one. Wikipedia has a good article about this information with a breakdown by country.

O+ and A+ are the most common ones and AB- is the least common.

Today, an Irish friend at work shared a very interesting news article describing how the German passport was the most convenient one to travel around the world. There is a visa restriction index that classifies the passports based on the number of countries and territories that a holder can visit visa-free. Germany has indeed the highest score followed closely by many other European countries. Here is a map of this index worldwide:

Amnesty International published a report about the Human Rights in the world. The death penalty (capital punishment) is still a dark spot in many places. A 2014 report published by the same organization shows that there are unfortunately still 58 countries in the world that retain and actively use the death penalty.

Last December I had a slight problem with my ear and unfortunately I wasn't able to fly for a little while. I was glad there was an amazing train system in Europe, so I had an alternative to travel from and to Berlin. Here is a chart with the percentage of train transportation by country in Europe, coming from a dataset published by the European Stats office:

I have been lucky enough to use the trains in all those countries.

Last Sunday I was reading the breaking news about a cliff that had collapsed into the sea on New Zealand’s South Island following a severe magnitude 5.9 earthquake that happened near Christchurch. I remembered when I visited New Zealand last year that I heard the nickname of this country is the "Shaky Isles" for its constant seismic activity. The two islands that compose this country lie on the margin of two colliding tectonic plates, making them earthquake prone.

The usgs.gov website has an interesting section with statistics about Earthquakes worldwide. Please find the following heatmap table with the data they published there:

There were two particularly deadly years: 2004 when a [tsunami hit many countries in the Indian Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami), and 2010 when a huge earthquake happened in Léogâne, Haiti.

Yesterday I finished the week with a couple of nice wine glasses from Portugal. This morning when I woke up and looked at the bottle, I started to ask myself what the top countries in the world in terms of wine production are. I thought about France? Italy? Spain?

Fortunately, Wikipedia has an article with data coming from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sorting the countries by their volume of wine production for the year 2013 in metric tonnes.

There are no surprises in the Top 3 positions (they are indeed France, Italy and Spain), but it's interesting how China has climbed to the 6th position, above Argentina and Australia:

Yesterday evening I was listening to a really cool Freakonomics podcast episode titled Who Needs Handwriting?. Stephen Dubner discussed the pros and cons of handwriting, its origins, and the emphasis it still receives in the high school system. Quite interesting.

I started to think that I use handwriting at work to draw schemas about the different pieces of a project or task that I need to accomplish, but it definitely has been a while since the last time I wrote a proper handwritten letter.

I wanted to check if there was data about postal volume, because I guess the decline in handwriting has an impact on these numbers. I found two interesting sources:

• UK Postal Museum
• US Postal Services

Both sites show a decline in the number of total mail sent. The decline is particularly dramatic after 2005:

Last night I was walking around the neighbourhood while listening to a very interesting podcast from NPR, explaining how and when CEOs’ compensation packages exploded. You can get it here. What they discussed in a nutshell was that companies tried to match their CEOs' compensation with performance (fair enough) using stock options, but the companies didn’t realize the exact value of those offers.

The Economic Policy Institute published an article last year about how CEOs make [300 times the salary of an average worker](http://jco.im/300-times).

It is hard to assess what the most popular programming languages are because there are multiple ways to measure them, but none of them are perfect (i.e., repositories, lines of code, occurrences in job offers, etc.). For example, if you work with embedded systems, C is very popular, but if you work on the web, the story is very different.

One interesting measurement of popularity of a language is the questions related to the language. Stack Overflow features questions and answers on a wide range of programming languages and compiles a list of the most popular tags with total, today, and this week breakdown.

This data is a nice proxy for how popular the different programming languages are.

Last Sunday it was really warm here in Berlin. I was able to get on my bike and do a nice ride to the northern part of the city. Nevertheless, I remembered some data I read back in January about how the world is really warming up:

This winter has been really mild in Berlin.

The Economist recently published an interesting graph of the most violent cities in the world (in terms of homicide rates) in their daily chart section. It includes an analysis of the Venezuelan economy in turmoil and, according to a Mexican report, “Venezuela’s capital Caracas had the highest murder rate in the world last year”.

Wikipedia also offers a page compiling a list of cities by murder rate. Unfortunately, most of the top 50 cities on this list are located in South America (and many of those in Brazil!). Take a look at the following chart and map:

This morning I was reading the Corruption Perceptions Index 2015 published by Transparency International (transparency.org). This organization fights for a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption and publishes this report that quantifies perceptions of corruption in the public sector and normalizes the data from multiple countries in an index from 0 (the most corrupt) to 100 (the least corrupt).

In South America, Chile and Uruguay had the highest scores, while Venezuela had the lowest.